Impact of Prolonged Intake of Sugar-Free Carbonated Soft Drink on Selected Biochemical Indices of Male Wistar Rats
Abstract
The impact of prolonged intake of sugar-free carbonated soft drinks on selected biochemical indices of adult male Wistar rats were studied. Thirty (30) wistar rats weighing between 175g and 225g were used in this study. They were separated into five (5) groups of six (6) rats each. Animals in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were fed normal feed and water ad libitum and in addition, groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received 1.4mlkg-1 B.W of popular regular cola drink, 3mlkg-1B.W of popular regular cola drink, 1.4mlkg-1 B.W of sugar-free cola brand and 3mlkg-1 B.W of sugar-free cola brand respectively. Three experimental animals were sacrificed after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment and selected biochemical indices were assayed. Biochemical assessment showed significant increase (p≤0.05) in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities across the group for 3 and 6 weeks respectively, while Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities across the group for 3 weeks decreased, and were later observed to increase in the group administered 3mlkg-1 B.W of popular regular cola drink and sugarfree cola brand for 6 weeks at tested concentrations and duration when compared with control. Results from urea concentration was observed to increase significantly (p≤0.05) in groups administered popular regular cola drink and sugar-free cola brand for 3 weeks and 6 weeks respectively, when compared with the control. Also, there was an increase in creatinine concentration with the administration of popular regular cola and sugar-free colabrand across the group for 3 and 6 weeks. There were no significant changes in Sodium ion (Na+) and Potassium ion (K+) in all the groups administered popular regular cola drink and sugar-free brand. However, differences observed in Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) across all the groups for 3 weeks and 6 weeks showed that TG, TC and HDL decreased in comparison with the control, while in LDL, there was significant increase. The study suggests that regular cola and sugar-free cola may be predisposing factors for cardiovascular diseases as observed in elevated LDL levels. Generally, extension of the treatment for a long time may actually predispose the animals to nephrotic and cardiovascular diseases.
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