Comparison of Different Methods of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Using the GaraTie-Dye Wastewater
Keywords:
Chemical Oxygen Demand, gara-tie-dye wastewater, dichromate method, permanganate methodAbstract
This study investigates the suitability of various types of dichromate (photometric and titrimetric) and permanganate (acidic titrimetric and alkaline titrimetric) methods of determining COD in three different samples A, B and C of gara-ti-dye wastewater. Resultsindicate that the photometric and titrimetric dichromate methods gave higher COD concentration because of complete oxidation of the organic matter in the gara-tie-dye wastewater than the permanganate methods. For samples A and C, results of the dichromate method was significantly higher (p>0.05) than the permanganates. The acidic and alkaline permanganate gave comparable results and within the same order of magnitude but were lower than both the dichromate methods. The photometric and titrimetric dichromate methods were comparable and were found to be more suitable for the determination of the COD of gara-tie-dye wastewater.
Downloads
References
AEPA (Australian Environmental Protection Authority). 1998. Environmental Guidelines for the textile dyeing and finishing industry, state Government of
Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
APHA. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Baumann, F.J. (1974), Dichromate reflux chemical oxygen demand - A Proposed method for chloride correction in highly saline wastes, Analytical Chemistry, vol. 46, pp. 1336-1338.
Chin-Ping Goh and Poh-Eng Lim (2008). Potassium permanganate as oxidant in the COD test forsaline water samples, AJSTD Vol. 25 Issue 2 pp. 383-393.
Cripps, J.M. and Jenkins, D. (1964). A COD method suitable for the analysis of highly saline waters, Analytical Chemistry, vol. 36, pp. 1240-1246.
Dae-Hee A., Won-Seok C. and Tai-Il Y., 1999. Dyestuff wastewater treatment using chemical oxidation, physical adsorption and fixed bed biofilm process, Process
Biochemistry, 34, 429–439.
Frazer-Williams, R. A. D(2014).Characterization of wastewater from the gara-tie dye industry in Sierra Leone. PollutionResearch. 33 (2) 237 – 242. EM
International, ISSN No. 0257 –8050.
Ho, C.H., Lee, K.F., and Lim P.E. (2003).Minimizing the use of mercuric
salts for chloride and bromide corrections in chemical oxygen demand test, Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 5, pp. 67-72.
Mahmoodi, N.M. & Arami, M., (2010). Immobilized titania nanophotocatalysis: degradation, modeling and toxicity reduction of agricultural pollutants. J. Alloy. Compd. Vol.506, pp. 155–159, ISSN 0925-8388
Pagga, U. and Brown, D. (1986). The degradation of dyestuffs: Part II Behaviour of dyestuffs in aerobic biodegradation tests. Chemosphere. Vol.15, No.4, pp. 479-49I, ISSN0045-6535
Trivedy, R. K. and Goel, P. K. (1986).Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies.Environmental publications.250pp.
Vaidya, B., Watson, S. W., Coldiron, S.J. and Porter, M. D. (1997). Reduction of chloride ion interference in chemical oxygen demand (COD) determinations using bismuth-based adsorbents. Analytica Chimica Acta. 357 (1-2), 167-175.
Yonar, T.; Yonar, G.K.; Kestioglu, K. & Azbar, N., (2005). Decolorisation
of Textile Effluent Using Homogeneous Photochemical Oxidation Processes. Colour.
Technol. Vol.121, pp. 258-264, ISSN 1472-3581
Yonar, T., (2010). Treatability Studies on Traditional Hand-Printed Textile Industry Wastewaters Using Fenton and FentonLike Processes: Plant Design and
Cost Analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, Vol.19, No.12 2758-2768, ISSN 1018-4619