Effect of Rice Milling Activities on Water Qualities in a Major Rice Producing Area of Southeastern Nigeria
Keywords:
Rice milling activities, water qualities, permissible standard, waste dumpingAbstract
A research was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the effects of rice milling activities on water qualities in a major rice producing area of south-eastern Nigeria. Samples were collected from a tap water at Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management,
FARM, EBSU (control) and Onuebonyi river within the site at three points: upstream (W1), midstream (W2) and downstream (W3) to assess water quality. Results for water qualities showed that respective temperature values for control, W1 W2 and W3 were 25.00C, 29.200C, 29.00C and 28.500C in 2012 and 26.00C, 29.500C, 29.500C and 29.500C in 2013, which was higher than World Health Organization permissible standard of 230C. Water quality parameters of the rice mill site (W1, W2 and W3) were in most cases higher than the values obtained for control area; and the WHO permissible standard limit. There should be proper fencing off of ponds and river with concrete platform that will not allow run-off to enter them. Washing of scrap metals in water bodies should be discouraged. Waste dumping in water ways should be controlled by effective monitoring and legislation
Downloads
References
Adekunle, A. S. (2008). Impacts of Industrial Effluent on Quality of Well Water within Asa Dam Industrial Estate, Illorin, Nigeria.Nature and Science, 6 (3): 1 – 5.
American Public Health Association (APHA) (1998). Communicable Disease Control and Laboratory Procedure. www.apha.org.
Ashok, Jain K. (2008). Law and Environment. Ascent Publications, New Delhi.
Ashraf, M. A.; Maah, M. J.; Yusoff, I, and Mehmood, K. (2010). Effects of Polluted Water Irrigation on Environment and Health of people in
Jamber, District Kasur, Pakistan, International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10 (3), 37 – 57.
Association of Analytical Chemists (A.O.A.C) (1998). Official methods of analysis, Association of Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C.
Beagle, C. (2008). Rice Husk Conversion to Energy. FAO Agricultural Bulletin 3. FAO, Rome, 125.
Brown. L. (2003). State of the World 2003. Washington DC. World WatchInstitute 84-92.
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) (1998). Quality of Domestic Water Supplies, Assessment Guide 1 (2nd Ed). Department of Water and Forestry, Dept. of Health and Water Research Commission, 12.
Echiegu, P.U. (2007). Urbanization and its Physical Planning Challenges in Abakaliki Capital Environment, Ebonyi State of Nigeria: JSAF, Vol.
, No. I, 49 – 56.
Fakayode, S.O. (2008). Impact of Industrial Effluent on water Quality of Receiving Alaro River in Ibadan, Nigeria. AJEAM – RAGEE, 10: 1-3.
Federal Dept. of Agriculture and Land Resources (FDALR). (1985). Reconnaissance Soil Survey of Anambra State, Nigeria. Soil Report, Kaduna.
Fereidoun, H.; Nourddin, M. S.; Rreza, N. A.; Mohsen, A.; Ahmad, R. and Pouria, H. (2007). The Effect of Long – Term Exposure to Particulate Pollution on the Lung Function of Teheranian and Zanjanian Students, Pakistan. Journal of Physiology, 3 (2), 1 – 5.
Gewin, V. (2002). Ecosystem Health: The State of the Planet. Nature 417:112 -113.
Government of Pakistan (2009). Economic Survey of Pakistan, Finance Division, Economic Division Wing, Islamabad, 20.
Harold, D. F. (1994). Ground Water Resources of British Columbia, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. 61 - 63.
Hoslam, S. M. (1990). River Pollution and Ecological Perspective. Belhaven Press.
International Council for Science (ICS) (2003). Report of the Scientific anTechnological Community to the World Summit on Sustainable
Development (www.sustainabilityscience.org/Keydocs/)
Jagi, M. O.; Bamgbose, O.; Odukoya, O. O. and Arowolo, T. A. (2007). Water Quality Assessment of Ogun River, South West Nigeria. Environmental Mon. Assess., 133(1-3), 477-482.
Kromm, D. E. (1993). Response to Air pollution in Ljubljana, Yugoslaria, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 63 (2), 208 – 217.
Larson, W. E.; Hoh, R. and Charlson, C. W. (1999). Residues from SoilConservation in: Osch word, W. R.(ed.), Crop Residue Management
Systems. American Society of Agronomy Special Publication No.31:1– 15.
Lenntech, A. (2011). Water Treatment Solutions and Applications: Chemical Properties of Phosphorus and its Health Effects. 602 - 665.
Mara, D. and Cairncross, S. (1989). Guidelines for Safe Use of Wastewater and Excreta in Agriculture; Measures for Public Protection. World Health organization, Geneva.
Mbah, C. N and Onweremadu, E. U. (2009). Effect of Organic and Mineral Fertilizer Input on Soil and Maize Grain Yield in an Acid Ultisolin Abakaliki- South Eastern Nigeria; American- Eurasian Journal of Agronomy 2 (1), 07 -12.
Nagpal, N. K.; Levy, D. A. and Mcdonald, D. D. (2003). Ambient WaterQuality Guideline for Chloride.
National Population Census (NPC)(2006). Final Results of 2006 Population Census of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, National Population Commission.
Nnadi, L. A. (2007). The Role of Residues in Soil Conservation and Fertility of Cultivated Savannah Soils. Paper Presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria held on 25th July,2007, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Ogedengbe, K. and Akinbile, C. O. (2004). Impact of Industrial Pollutants onQuality of Ground and Surface Waters at Oluyole Industrial Estate, Ibadan, Nigeria. Nig. Jnl. of Technological Development, 4(2), 139 –144.
Ogunfowokan, A. O; Okok, E. K.; Adenuga, A. A. and Asubiojo, O. I. (2005). Assessment of the Impact of Point Source Pollution from
University, Sewage: Treatment Oxidation Points on the receiving Stream- A Preliminary Study. Journal of Applied Science 6(1)36 -43.
Okafor, N. (1985) Aquatic and Waste Microbiology, 1st Ed., Fourth Dimension Publishing co. Ltd, Enugu, Nigeria, 107 – 127.
Okonkwo, C. I. and Ogu, I. (2002). Assessment of the potentials of Giricidum Sepium and Panicum Maximum Biomass used as green
Manure in Soil Nutrient Improvement and Yield of Maize; Journal of Arid Agriculture, 12: 51 – 56.
Overseas Development of Natural Resources Institute (ODNRI) (1989). Nigeria Profile of Agricultural Potential, ODA, United Kingdom, 40- 50.
Progressive Insurance, (2005). Pollution Impact on Human Health. Retrieved from http://www.progressiveic.com/n25feb05.htm
Rosenstock, L. (2003). The Environment as a Cornerstone of Public Health, Environmental Health Perspectives, 111 (7), A376 – A377.
Sanderson, E. W. (2010). ‘The Human Foot Print and the Last of the Wild’. Nature 417:64 - 75.
Shelton, T. (1991). Interpreting Drinking Water Quality Analysis: What do the Number Mean? New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Cooperate Extension, 13 – 28.
Steel, G. D. and Torrie, J. H. (1980). Procedures of Statistics: A Biometric Approach. 2nded, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
Tracy, C. and Nicholas, H. (1992). ‘The Politics of Industrial Agriculture’. Nature, 1984, Vol. 301, 24.
United States Geological Survey (1998). Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water Supply. National Research Council, Washington, DC,1618.
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2000). The International Standard for Drinking Water Quality, WHO, General, 346 – 355.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2011). International Standards for Drinking Water Qualities, 3rd ed. WHO, Geneva.
World Health Organization (WHO), (2010b). The World Health Report –Health Systems Financing: The Path to Universal Coverage. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2010/whr10-en.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
