Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Surface Water of Elechi Creek, Rivers State.
Keywords:
PAHs, Concentrations, Pollution, Surface Water, Elechi CreekAbstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) also known as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are class of organic chemical consisting of two or more fused aromatic rings. The concentration of PAHs in surface water of Elechi Creek River State detected the 16 priority PAHs outlined by WHO (2003) and USEPA (2007) at three stations namely:, NAPAS Company (POD)(S1), Master Energy (S2) and New Calabar River (S3). PAHs were extracted using the Liquid-Liquid Extraction method and their concentration were determined with the use of No:HP 5890 Series 11 Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector USA. The result showed that the total PAHs(ƩPAHs) concentration ranged from 2918.27µg/l to 9018.98µg/l with the mean value of 1123.36µg/l. The individual PAHs ranged between 37.05µg/l to 2500µg/l, while fluoranthene had the highest concentration, followed by Benzo(b)fluoranthene and
Chrysene(3340µg/l,2110µg/l and 2094.24µg/l) respectively while Phenathrane, Naphthalene and Indeno(1,2,3,c,d) pyrene had the least concentration of PAHs ( 301µg/l, 239.08µg/l, 211.56µg/l) respectively. The concentrations of PAHs detected showed predominance of high molecular weight PAHs (4-6 rings). This study concluded that the surface water of Elechi Creek was contaminated mostly with HPAH and these concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 10µg/l recommended by World Health Organization (WHO, 2003) and so, the water can adversely affect the biota found in the creek and there is also the possibility of their bioaccumulation and transfer to higher trophic levels through the food chain. There is also a plausible adverse effects upon the usage of this water for domestic and agricultural purposes.
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