Risk Assessment and Profiling of Selected Heavy Metals in Water Sources Within a Petroleum Refinery Host Community
Keywords:
Heavy metals, Petroleum contamination, Principal component and cluster, analyses, risk assessment, groundwater contaminationAbstract
The contamination of water sources by industrial effluents may result into accumulation of heavy metals, leading to potential public health risk. Ubeji community is one of the host communities for Warri refinery and petrochemicals company (WRPC) located in Warri south local government area of Delta State. Effluents from the refinery are deposited into their stream and this may impact the available water resources. The daily human exposure assessment to Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb through the ingestion pathway was evaluated using the average daily dose, ADD and Principal component analysis (PCA). Cluster analysis (CA) was also used to study the interactions between metals, and identify the possible sources of contamination. Eighteen groundwater and two surface water samples were collected. The hazard quotients (HQ) for Cd and Pb exceeded 1 for all water sources while the hazard index
(HI) ranged from 18.0 to 14052 for all studied heavy metals. HQ revealed that well 16 and 17 were the most impacted by the studied heavy metals. The borehole had highest HQ of 14000,6.7 and 22.3 for Cd, Cu and Fe respectively. Residents of the Ubeji may be at risk of developing diseases from consumption of ground water. Data from this study suggests that local people living in refinery host community should take precautions before drinking water sources especially groundwater within such areas.
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