Assessment of The Toxicity of Leachate from Municipal Waste Dump Site to Earthworm - Lumbricus terrestris
Keywords:
Lumbricus terrestris, oxidative stress, dumpsite leachate, toxicity, antioxidantAbstract
The study characterized leachate from a refuse dump site in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria and assessed its toxicity to Lumbricus terrestris. Leachate samples were collected, and the physiochemical properties determined using portable equipment and standard analytical
procedures. Ten earth worms with mean weight of 0.23±0.11g and length of 6.92±1.88 cm was exposed for 14 days to 500g of sieved soil spiked with 1%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% leachate concentration in triplicates. Mortality was assessed on day 7 and 14 while antioxidant activities were assessed on day 14. The results showed that electrical conductivity (360.333±346.634µs/cm), total dissolved solids (28.00±1.00mg/l), arsenic (0.34±0.03mg/l), nickel (0.13±0.03mg/l), cadmium (0.09±0.03 mg/l), lead (0.45±0.01mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (32.33±3.06mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (129±3.61mg/l), total organic carbon (156.87±116.11mg/l), nitrate (34.00±0.87mg/l), phosphate, (25.80±3.75mg/l), and sulphate (360±43.41mg/l) were above the FEPA 1991 standard. The 7 day and 14 day LC50 was 60.04 (52.56-68.34) % and 52.90 (46.85-58.85) % respectively. Glutathione (17.85±2.54µm/l) and catalase activity (14.87±0.47µm/l) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in earthworms exposed to 75 and 100% leachate compared to earthworms exposed to 1, 25 and 50% leachate concentration and the control, while super oxide dismutase activity increased and decreased significantly in earthworms exposed to 1% and 100% concentrations respectively compared to the control. Malondialdehyde increased significantly in earthworms exposed to 50%, 75% and 100% leachate compared to the control and earthworms exposed to 1%, 25% leachate
concentration. The study showed that dumpsite leachate contained hazardous substances and was deleterious to L. terrestris.
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